Understanding the Apley's Test (Compression/Distraction) Assessment
To differentiate between **meniscal injury** (compression) and **ligamentous injury** (distraction) of the knee.
Watch How It's Done
How do I start?
Patient is prone. Knee is flexed to 90°.
What happens?
**Phase 1 (Menisci):** Examiner applies **axial compression** through the heel while internally and externally rotating the tibia. **Phase 2 (Ligaments):** Examiner applies **distraction** force while rotating the tibia.
In Plain English
What Does a Positive Result Mean?
**Compression (Phase 1):** Pain/clicking during rotation suggests a **meniscal tear**. **Distraction (Phase 2):** Pain with distraction/rotation that is relieved with compression suggests a **ligamentous injury**.
Helpful Tip:
Rotation combined with compression/distraction selectively stresses the menisci vs. the collateral ligaments.
Safety First
This guide is to help you understand what happens in a clinic. Do not try to diagnose yourself. If you have severe pain, swelling, or cannot put weight on your leg, please visit an urgent care center or your doctor immediately.
Other Knee Tests
Pivot Shift Test
To dynamically assess for **anterolateral rotatory instability** of the knee, which is highly indicative of a **complete ACL tear**.
Posterior Drawer Test of the Knee
To assess the integrity of the **Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)**.
Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test)
To detect a rupture of the **Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)** by observing the effect of gravity.
Slocum Test (Anterolateral Rotatory Instability)
To assess for **anterolateral rotatory instability** and the function of the **Anterolateral Ligament** (a dynamic variant of the Anterior Drawer).