Understanding the Valgus Stress Test (Knee) Assessment
To assess the integrity of the **Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)**.
Watch How It's Done
How do I start?
Patient is supine. The knee is tested in **full extension** and then again in **20° to 30° of flexion**.
What happens?
The examiner stabilizes the ankle and applies a strong, lateral-to-medial force (**valgus stress**) at the knee joint.
In Plain English
What Does a Positive Result Mean?
**Excessive medial joint line gapping** compared to the unaffected side and/or reproduction of the patient's **medial knee pain**.
Helpful Tip:
Gapping in **20-30° flexion only** suggests an isolated MCL tear. Gapping in **full extension** suggests a severe injury involving the MCL, posteromedial capsule, and potentially the ACL/PCL.
Safety First
This guide is to help you understand what happens in a clinic. Do not try to diagnose yourself. If you have severe pain, swelling, or cannot put weight on your leg, please visit an urgent care center or your doctor immediately.
Other Knee Tests
Pivot Shift Test
To dynamically assess for **anterolateral rotatory instability** of the knee, which is highly indicative of a **complete ACL tear**.
Posterior Drawer Test of the Knee
To assess the integrity of the **Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)**.
Posterior Sag Sign (Gravity Drawer Test)
To detect a rupture of the **Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)** by observing the effect of gravity.
Slocum Test (Anterolateral Rotatory Instability)
To assess for **anterolateral rotatory instability** and the function of the **Anterolateral Ligament** (a dynamic variant of the Anterior Drawer).